Current samples from IEDs located geographically apart from each other, must be time coordinated so that the current differential algorithm can be executed correctly. In IED, it is possible to make this coordination in two different ways. The echo method of time synchronizing is normally used whereas for applications where transmit and receive times can differ, the optional built in GPS receivers can be used.

　　The communication link is continuously monitored, and an automatic switchover to a standby link is possible after a preset time.

　　Impedance protection

　　Distance measuring zone, quadrilateral characteristic ZMQPDIS, ZMQAPDIS (21)

　　The line distance protection is athree zone full scheme protection with three fault loops for phase-to-phase faults and three fault loops for phase-to-earth faults for each of the independent zones. Individual settings for each zone in resistive and reactive reach gives flexibility for use as back-up protection for transformer connected to overhead lines and cables of different types and lengths.

　　ZMQPDIS together with Phase selection with load encroachment FDPSPDIS has functionality for load encroachment, which increases the possibility to detect high resistive faults on heavily loaded lines.

　　The independent measurement of impedance for each fault loop together with a sensitive and reliable built-in phase selection makes the function suitable in applications with single-phase autoreclosing.

　　Built-in adaptive load compensation algorithm prevents overreaching of zone 1 at load exporting end at phase-toearth faults on heavily loaded power lines.

　　The distance protection zones can operate independently of each other in directional (forward or reverse) or nondirectional mode. This makes them suitable, together with different communication schemes, for the protection of power lines and cables in complex network configurations, such as parallel lines, multi-terminal lines, and so on.

　　Distance measuring zone, quadrilateral characteristic for series compensated lines ZMCPDIS, ZMCAPDIS

　　The line distance protection is a three zone full scheme protection with three fault loops for phase-to-phase faults and three fault loops for phase-to-earth fault for each of the independent zones. Individual settings for each zone resistive and reactive reach give flexibility for use on overhead lines and cables of different types and lengths.

　　Quadrilateral characteristic is available.

　　ZMCPDIS function has functionality for load encroachment which increases the possibility to detect high resistive faults on heavily loaded lines.

　　The independent measurement of impedance for each fault loop together with a sensitive and reliable built in phase selection makes the function suitable in applications with single phase auto-reclosing.

　　Built-in adaptive load compensation algorithm for the quadrilateral function prevents overreaching of zone1 at load exporting end at phase to earth-faults on heavily loaded power lines.

　　The distance protection zones can operate, independent of each other, in directional (forward or reverse) or nondirectional mode. This makes them suitable, together with different communication schemes, for the protection of power lines and cables in complex network configurations, such as parallel lines, multi-terminal lines.

　　Phase selection, quadrilateral characteristic with fixed angle FDPSPDIS

　　The operation of transmission networks today is in many cases close to the stability limit. Due to environmental considerations, the rate of expansion and reinforcement of the power system is reduced, for example, difficulties to get permission to build new power lines. The ability to accurately and reliably classify the different types of fault, so that single pole tripping and autoreclosing can be used plays an important role in this matter.Phase selection, quadrilateral characteristic with fixed angle FDPSPDIS is designed to accurately select the proper fault loop in the distance function dependent on the fault type.

　　The heavy load transfer that is common in many transmission networks may make fault resistance coverage difficult to achieve. Therefore, FDPSPDIS has a built-in algorithm for load encroachment, which gives the possibility to enlarge the resistive setting of both the phase selection and the measuring zones without interfering with the load.

　　The extensive output signals from the phase selection gives also important information about faulty phase(s), which can be used for fault analysis.

　　A current-based phase selection is also included. The measuring elements continuously measure three phase currents and the residual current and, compare them with the set values.

1MRK505228-BEN_E_en_Product_Guide__RED670_1.2_pre-configured.pdf

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